International Yoga Day & Sustainability, by Akhil Santosh

How Yogic Philosophy promotes Sustainable practice

Sustainability according to the (Brundtland Report 1987) states that “sustainable development should be viewed as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” 

Sustainability is a holistic approach that considers ecological, social, and economic factors, recognising that all dimensions of life must be considered together to find lasting prosperity. The responsibility lies with each individual, whether they choose to lead their lives based on the principles of sustainability or not; but we tend to find fewer people who are actively living sustainably. The philosophy of yoga provides us with great insights around sustainable lifestyles and we’ll explore yama and how it promotes sustainable living.

Yogic philosophy is one of the oldest of the world, shared by sage Patanjali. It’s also known as Ashtanga Yoga, as it consists of eight limbs and eight sequential steps which are outlined below. 

“yama-niyama-asana-pranayama-pratyhara-dharana-dhyana-samadhayo’stav-angani” (Patanjali, 2:29)

Generally speaking, many Indians and practitioners of yoga in the west don’t pay much attention to the first two limbs of Ashtanga yoga however, these two limbs are critical for promoting sustainable and ethical living in society. They are known as Yamas and Niyamas which consist of ten interrelated moral and ethical principles, guiding individuals to reduce their carbon footprint and live more sustainably.

YamasDefinitionAdaptation towards Sustainable living 
Ahimsa (Non-violence)Not to injure any beings either by thought, word, and deed. Little or no consumption of meat, not to destroy or disrupt natural habitats 
Satya  (Truthfulness) Being honest and truthful by thought, word and deed.Being accountable for individual actions
Asteya (Non-stealing) Not taking things which do not belong to us.Not to over exploit natural resources such as forests, oceans, etc
Brahmacharya (Consciousness)Not to fall into the trap of desire or pleasure. It helps with self-regulation.Differentiating between needs from wants which helps in more conscious consumerism 
Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)Not be selfish and greedy.Changing perspective as we are here for a temporary period of time and we need to be responsible for the impact we have on our environment

Table 1: Brief description of Yamas

Ahimsa (Non-Violence): Ahimsa doesn’t directly translate to ‘not consuming meat’ or ‘becoming vegan’, however it points towards the balance to be had. Following the principle of Ahimsa provides a solid foundation for leading a more sustainable life. Aquatic and wildlife creatures are harmed when waste is dumped into their habitat – they consume it and naturally suffer which inevitably comes back round to humans, if and when we choose to consume fish. Indirectly we as a human race are responsible for the damage to aquatic life. A practical action would be to reduce our plastic usage, particularly single-use plastics and switch to re-usable alternatives. Another way would be to reduce or stop eating meat, to protect and respect mother Earth’s resources and enable living creatures to thrive. To follow the principle of Ahimsa, we should use the resources we do have sustainably and not waste.

Satya (Truthfulness): Satya means to be held accountable for our individual or collective action. An example of current affairs: some companies are not honestly stating whether their products are eco-friendly and instead they are using fake product labels and marketing them as sustainable (greenwashing) which is going to have a lasting impact on sustainability efforts – the Volkswagen emission scandal is one example. By following the principle of Satya, both organisations and individuals can help in promoting more sustainable goods made in ethical supply chains, which in turn helps to reduce our overall negative impact on the planet and people. A simple action here is to research the companies we buy from before purchasing anything: a handy resource

Asteya (Non-Stealing): Steya means unlawfully taking possessions belonging to others whereas, Asteya means abstention from such tendencies, even in one’s thoughts. There are many instances where people or organisations encroach on indigenous lands, forests, lakes and displace many communities and species. Furthermore, poachers are killing endangered wildlife across the globe. These activities come under steya. An important action here is being aware of brands selling products made using resources from endangered wild life. By being vigilant and not favouring these companies, we can help in reducing the money which funds poachers. Moreover we (humans) are not the only habitants of this planet: we need to be aware of all other living beings and not exploit their resources. By practicing Asteya we can be more sustainable, by not exploiting resources which don’t belong to only humans but to the entire planet.

Brahmacharya (Supreme Consciousness): Bramhacharya is not to be misunderstood as only abstinence from sex, rather it goes much further than this. It is about the control of our sensory organs, being connected to our soul. By controlling our senses, we are able to have greater self-awareness and overall self-regulation. This self-regulation helps in differentiating our needs from our wants. Needs are basic things required for functioning of the individual however, wants arise to satisfy short-lived waves of pleasure. Brahmancharya helps individuals to follow simple lifestyles where they can live with minimum resources and be more conscious of their consumption.

Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness): Aparigraha means non-attachment or not being selfish and greedy. Exploiting natural resources is due to the greed of the individuals and corporations who want to simply grow wealth, at any cost or damage to the environment, ecology and communities. We need to remember the quote given by Mahatma Gandhi “The world has enough for everyone’s need, but not enough for everyone’s greed”. Every individual should remember that we are here on this planet for a temporary amount of time and we shouldn’t destroy the planet. By practicing Aparigraha, individuals can become better people by shedding their attitudes which don’t serve them or the planet well, keeping sustainable living at the forefront.

Following the five principles of yama encourages indviduals to live ethically and responsibly which also helps in sustainable development. Let us integrate yamas into our life and make sure that we live our lives as sustainably as possible to protect the planet.

The meaning of yoga is derived from Sanskrit word “yuj” which means to unite. We can use such principles to respect all living beings and live in harmony with nature, without causing destruction or degradation.

References:

Spotlight Series: Q&A with National Coordinator of Hindu Climate Action, Avnish Thakrar

We discussed what led Conscious Property Developer, Avnish to leading national campaign, Hindu Climate Action

What is your ethnic and professional/academic background?

I’m British but of Indian heritage. I have a BSc in Money, Banking and Finance and run my own property development business. Previously, I ran a nursing home for several years.

What inspired you to act as a catalyst for sustainable practice? Is there a particular story you can share?

My grandmother used to tell me stories of her life back in India and Africa. They were really poor and life was challenging. So, from a young age I realised the importance of gratitude and not to waste whether that’s food, water, clothes, heating or electricity. 

What is Hindu Climate Action? How did it come about, who’s involved and what do you hope to achieve?

Hindu Climate Action is a project of the Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies. We felt an organisation in the UK was needed to: 

a) Raise awareness about climate change in our community

b) Highlight the religious importance of protecting the environment in the Hindu tradition

c) Provide resources to help Hindu organisations like Mandirs and the community ‘go green’

The team itself is small and diverse ranging from students to grandmothers! So everyone brings a different skill, talent and expertise which is great as we’d like to work with the whole Hindu community.

We have a presence on various social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Youtube and Linkedin (@hinduclimateaction). We have also built our website, www.hinduclimateaction.org which has loads of resources from what is climate change to what we’re doing and how the community can engage. 

What have been your biggest successes and learnings?

We’ve only been operating since the summer of 2020 but we’ve achieved loads in this short time:

a) Created a website and social media pages

b) Built contacts with several organisations such as Faith for the Climate, Hope for the Future, Sustainability Sisterss, South Asians for Sustainability and National Hindu Students Forum UK

c) Had media coverage with the BBC – https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-54978415

Our biggest learning point is that the community wants to become more sustainable. 

Our message that acts of kindness for the environment become acts of worship has resonated with the youth and we’ve had lots of engagement with that demographic.

We’ve formed strong relations with NHSF, a Hindu youth organisation and are excited to be working with them at one of their upcoming national events.

Being South Asian, have you faced any backlash for creating the campaign from family, friends or society at large? How did you overcome it?

I’ve often been asked why it’s necessary to combine religion with climate change. Firstly, we feel climate change is an issue that’s not being discussed enough in our community. Secondly, Hindus are a large and prosperous community (there are nearly 1 million Hindus in the UK) and we can play a large role in tackling climate change. For this to happen, we need to engage with the wider community.

Environmental protection and the Dharmic traditions go hand in hand but there isn’t much representation or awareness.

That’s why it’s important to have groups such as ourselves and South Asians for Sustainability to raise awareness on climate change to all sections of our society. 

How have you actively changed your daily practice to be more sustainable?

I’ve made a number of changes to become more sustainable over the past few years including: buying an electric car, going vegan, having solar panels fitted in my house and spending more of my money on experiences rather than buying more and more new things. With my property development business, we try to make our houses as energy efficient as possible by implementing simple measures like fitting loft insulation and LED light bulbs and where possible, more costly measures like installing solar panels. We all want to make money in life but I believe our wealth should be used to benefit society.

Do you feel there is a stigma or lack of understanding of the climate crisis amongst South Asian communities? What do you believe the blockers to be and how would you go about solving the issues?

I think our community has become accustomed to hearing about climate change in the news such as bushfires, flooding and droughts around the world. I think it gives people a false sense of security that climate change doesn’t affect us in the UK.

Highlighting the severity of climate change and illustrating that protecting the environment is an integral part of our religion might help raise understanding in the community. 

Which groups of people have shown most interest in your campaign so far?

So far we’ve hosted 16 climate workshops and we’ve found the youth have shown the most interest in our work so far. In fact, half our team members are either still at university or recently graduated! Through social media in particular, we’ve been able to create a network of people engaging with our work and given us leads with media outlets like the BBC as well as a British Hindus podcast and independent reporters showing interest in our work.

Why did you choose to take a religious angle for the campaign? Do you find it’ll help engage a wider demographic?

The Hindu tradition is inherently environmentally friendly through concepts such as Dharma, Ahimsa and Karma Yoga. Dharma are those actions that uphold and sustain a peaceful and harmonious world. Dharma are those actions that allow all living beings to flourish. So, if we live a life of Dharma, there’ll be harmony in society and the natural world flourishes. How can we achieve such a state? By practicing values such as Ahimsa (causing the least harm) and selfless actions that benefit the world (Karma Yoga). Hindu Climate Action aims to promote these values to inspire the Hindu community to go green.

You touched on the importance of climate action being recognised as a form of worship, rooted deeply in Hindu dharmic traditions – can you elaborate on this?

For many Hindus, bhakti (devotion) is an important part of their religious practice and it influences their daily life. For example, many Hindus start their day by performing puja (rituals) and saying prayers at home. However, Hindus shouldn’t just see God in murtis (sacred images), we should see God everywhere and in all living beings. With this elevated level of consciousness, becoming environmentally friendly comes natural to us. 

The world is our Mandir and climate action is our puja. 

Being carbon conscious in a practical day-to-day sense can be quite costly – how can people easily and cost effectively make a difference? Do you think being sustainable is accessible to everyone?

This is a really good question, some of the things I’ve done for the environment have been expensive such as the electric car and solar panels but there’s still so much that you can do:

a) Going plant-based is great for your health and if you eat more whole foods (as opposed to meat substitutes), you’ll actually save lots of money going vegan whilst also helping the environment. It’s a win-win! 

b) Some of the cheapest energy deals on the market are ‘green tariffs’ so this is a simple switch you can make. 

c) You can reduce the amount of energy you use at home e.g. reducing the temperature on the thermostat, wearing more layers instead of heating, ensuring all your lights are LEDs and getting loft insulation. These measures will cut your bills and help reduce your home’s carbon emissions.

d) Instead of driving short distances, why not walk or cycle? 

e) Say no to buying new things. Reducing the amount you consume is great for the environment and your wallet too! 

All these measures are relatively cheap and in some cases, even free! 

What advice would you give to younger generations in relation to sustainability and the environment? 

Climate change is happening now and sadly, it’ll only get worse unless we take action now. There’s no point waiting for politicians to take action. If you want to live in a world free from the catastrophic effects of climate change, make steps to become more sustainable now. As Gandhi ji said, ‘be the change you wish to see in the world.’

I’d also say don’t be intimidated by the magnitude of the problem. By implementing sustainable changes in your life and starting climate conversations with friends and family, you can inspire others and this causes a ripple effect. We can’t control what’s happening in the world but we can control what we do.

Can you share one life story which has deeply impacted you?

I’m part of an amazing organisation, Youth for Sewa. It’s a self-development program through serving underprivileged communities in the UK and India. A few years ago, my wife and I visited several projects in India ranging from uplifting tribal communities to educating and caring for disabled children. Hearing the inspiring stories of how each project started and how the workers devote their whole lives for the upliftment of society taught me the importance of contributing something positive to the world.

Is there anything else you’d like to share about the campaign or otherwise?

We are a new organisation and while we’ve made a great start, we are a small team which limits the amount of projects we can run. We’re always on the lookout for more volunteers so if you’d like to contribute to our work, please don’t hesitate to reach out. We would love to hear your thoughts, feedback and ideas so do send us a message in our direct messages or email us on namaste@hinduclimateaction.org

Access Hindu Climate Action resources and more: https://www.hinduclimateaction.org

Spotlight Series: Q&A with Climate Change Journalist Sharlene Gandhi

We spoke to Business, Climate Change and Food Systems Journalist, Sharlene about her insights and experience covering stories from the point of view of marginalised communities

What is your ethnic and academic/professional background?

I am a Hindu Gujarati Indian, and I am a journalist with a focus on small business, climate change and food systems.

What inspired you to act as a catalyst for sustainable practice? Is there a particular story you can share?

In my final year at Lancaster University, I was chosen for a special bootcamp-style module to attend the World Business Council for Sustainable Development’s liaison-delegate meeting. Before this, I hadn’t had any specific interaction with the environmental sustainability movement, but I had always been involved in social justice and grassroots community initiatives. Going to the liaison-delegate meeting was so eye-opening because it not only revealed the science behind the climate crisis, but also all the many social, economic, cultural and community impacts it will inevitably have. That was in April of 2018, and I’ve since been enthralled with the subject, reading widely, going to talks and eventually embedding it into my journalistic practice.

Can you tell me about your career in journalism and how you got into writing about climate change and environmental injustice/race intersectionality? 

It was really a matter of luck – I had always wanted to be a journalist because I loved writing, but often struggled with the difficult question of whether to become a specialist journalist or stick to general reporting. I decided to start specialising as a climate and business journalist on a freelance basis, mostly to also be able to learn about some of the work that was being done on the ground by communities and small / micro enterprises. 

The more I researched and reported, the more I started to learn about the intersections between the climate crisis and marginalised communities and came across the term climate justice as a result. That’s been one of my key focus areas ever since, because once you see it, you can’t unsee it.

I’ve been involved in writing about agricultural justice, housing inequality and land redistribution, as well as Indigenous rights. 

Find Sharlene’s Portfolio here: https://muckrack.com/sharlene_gandhi

What have been your biggest successes and learnings to date?

For me, I’ve always been deeply inspired by the work of Indigenous, Native and Aboriginal communities around the world. There is just a wealth of information to learn from them and how they have championed an approach to living that is in harmony with nature. 

My biggest successes have just been people giving me the opportunity, time and time again, to write about, speak about and explore this deeply intricate and important topic. I was super honoured to be part of shado magazine’s editorial team for their Climate Justice issue, which was published in September this year, and earlier in the year, I also researched and wrote up an investigation about the design and psychology of emission tracking apps for the American Institute of Graphic Arts. 

Being South Asian, did you face any backlash from family, friends or society at large for choosing to take a niche/unfamiliar career path? 

I was luckier than most in that I didn’t face any particular backlash when choosing my career path, but I think being from an immigrant family – particularly one where money wasn’t always floating around freely – means that you have financial security in the back of your mind. So while I wasn’t pushed into medicine or engineering or law, I was certainly gently encouraged to do a degree that would lead me to a job. That is how I ended up with a business degree, because it would lead to a financially stable career.

And my parents weren’t wrong – I spent the first two years of my career as a consultant, with a very healthy paycheck attached. But ultimately I wasn’t happy with myself in that role and wanted to transition into a career that meant more to me in due course. 

How have you actively changed your daily practice to be more sustainable?

Shopping locally and from small businesses has been a large part of the shift for me. It takes more time and more effort, but at least I know that I’m contributing to someone’s wellbeing and financial stability much more directly than if I were shopping from a larger supermarket that squeezed margins for their farmers and producers to make sure the end retail price was as cheap to the consumer as possible. 

Nearly three years ago, I also gave up all fast fashion and high street shopping, favouring secondhand, vintage and charity shop purchases for clothes, accessories and shoes. That hasn’t been easy, particularly because of the convenience and speed that fast fashion affords you as a consumer, not to mention the attractive pricing. But for me giving up fast fashion is crucial not just to planetary health, but also to climate justice. It signals to these companies that we can’t put up with the terrible conditions that they expect their garment workers to produce in.

Do you feel there is a stigma or lack of understanding of the climate crisis amongst South Asian communities? What do you believe the blockers to be and how would you go about solving the issues?

I wouldn’t say there is a stigma more than there is a lack of understanding. But that is highly ironic because a lot of the things that South Asian families do naturally are sustainable. It generally starts with low-income, immigrant families championing these practices, with the most famous example being using containers repeatedly to store curries and daals. South Asian cooking often involves using entire fruits and vegetables in order to minimise waste. South Asian culture is slower and more deliberate than capitalistic, time-driven Western culture, and a slower lifestyle impacts our surroundings less. South Asian food practice has always been about buying local and supporting grassroots shop owners, where possible.

Religions and cultures that are prominent in South Asia favour a lifestyle that works in conjunction with nature as opposed to extracting from it.

So, in other words, sustainability comes to South Asian communities easier than we might think, but the way that modern day sustainability is wrapped up and packaged makes them feel like it’s far away and unattainable. 

Being carbon conscious in a practical day-to-day sense can be quite costly – how can people easily and cost effectively make a difference? Do you think being sustainable is accessible to everyone?

Naturally, being sustainable is supposed to be accessible to everybody, because it actually requires us to live slowly, more locally and more deliberately. A plant-based or vegetarian diet can be cheaper than a meat-based diet. Shopping locally shortens the supply chain from raw materials / ingredients to the final consumer, which reduces the end price and makes sure that the original producers are adequately compensated for their effort.

However, the marketisation and mainstream branding that has now been attached to sustainability has meant that there has been a premium price attached to it, which has also in turn made it unaffordable for a lot of people to make sustainable choices. Starting small and stripping back your routine is a good place to start though, rather than thinking you need to invest in additional products or services at a cost to you. 

What advice would you give to younger generations in relation to sustainability and the environment?

Personally I think younger generations are much more knowledgeable about social justice and environmental sustainability than we are, simply because they don’t have a choice. So there is probably more than we can learn from them than they can learn from us!

I think for those interested in making a difference, I would advise starting small. Start with yourself and your sphere of control, extend that to your social circle, then to any impact you can make in your local community through conscious consumption, volunteering and raising awareness. Only then can you learn about the issues on the ground, on a grassroots level, which help you understand the system at large and why it functions the way it does. Otherwise, starting with the system and its flaws can seem too monumental and overwhelming to be able to make a tangible change. 

Can you share one life story which has deeply impacted you?

I’m just humbled that I get to do so many wonderful things and continue spreading the word about sustainability! In the last couple of years, I’ve been so honoured to speak at the Almeida Theatre, at Global Action Plan, at Amnesty International, for IKEA, and for various smaller organisations looking to educate and inspire change. I’ve been able to interview amazing people, including Leah Penniman of Soul Fire Farm and Sana Javeri Kadri from Diaspora Co.

In one of my earliest pieces of work, while I was working with the Pentland Centre for Sustainability in Business, I got to interview Arctic climate scientist Dr Oran Young. He has dedicated his whole life to the study of climate and spoke so passionately about the links to aspirational lifestyle and the worsening climate crisis. It really hit home then that this is more than scientific. It’s about how we define happiness and success. 

Is there anything else you’d like to add?

For South Asians, there is an absolute wealth of literature to delve into in terms of prominent writing about environmentalism, anti-capitalism and racism. Two perhaps obvious voices are Vandana Shiva and Arundhati Roy – they give a great introduction, in the content of South Asia, of why environmental sustainability needs to tie into social justice.

Find some of Sharlene’s work here:

Supply Chain Transparency: https://mailchimp.com/courier/article/building-transparent-supply-chain/

Carbon Tracking Apps: https://xd.adobe.com/ideas/principles/app-design/how-carbon-tracking-apps-are-designed-to-foster-responsibility-and-why-this-might-be-flawed/

How Green is UK’s New Deal?: https://www.ourstosave.com/feature?id=ckda46h78000p07234osxdkme

IKEA project: https://lifeathome.ikea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/IKEA_Life_At_Home_Report_2020-2.pdf

Follow Sharlene on Instagram and LinkedIn